Another disadvantage of Kerr cells is that the best available material, nitrobenzene, is poisonous.
2.
The Kerr Cell shutter was used in the 1920-40s to measure the speed of light.
3.
A beam of light is timed between a laser and receiver while passing through a Kerr Cell.
4.
The Kerr effect is exploited in the " Kerr cell ", which is used in applications such as nitrobenzene.
5.
The Kerr Cell consists of a transparent container ( A ) filled with Nitrobenzene ( B ) with attached electrodes ( C and D ).
6.
A Kerr cell with a transverse field can thus act as a switchable wave plate, rotating the plane of polarization of a wave travelling through it.
7.
Q-switching was first proposed in 1958 by Gordon Gould, and independently discovered and demonstrated in 1961 or 1962 by R . W . Hellwarth and F . J . McClung using electrically switched Kerr cell shutters in a ruby laser.
8.
In order to demonstrate that a Kerr cell responds to an applied electric field in a few tens of microseconds, Blondlot, in collaboration with Ernest-Adolphe Bichat, adapted the rotating-mirror method that L�on Foucault had applied to measure the speed of light.
9.
The first demonstration of the live transmission of images was by Georges Rignoux and A . Fournier in Paris in 1909 . A matrix of 64 selenium cells, individually wired to a mechanical Kerr cell modulated the light and a series of variously angled mirrors attached to the edge of a rotating disc scanned the modulated beam onto the display screen.
10.
The first demonstration of the " instantaneous " transmission of images was by Georges Rignoux and A . Fournier in Paris in 1909 . A matrix of 64 selenium cells, individually wired to a mechanical Kerr cell modulated the light and a series of variously angled mirrors attached to the edge of a rotating disc scanned the modulated beam onto the display screen.
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